黑龙江省地域广阔，气候环境复杂多样，各地域间积温差异显著，给水稻品种选育和大规模推广带来了挑战。龙粳31是21世纪以来我国年推广面积和累计推广面积最大的粳稻品种。该品种以其高产稳产、抗病耐冷、生态广适、米优耐储等优点，打破了空育131在黑龙江长达10年之久的主导地位。本文结合黑龙江省粳稻育种现状，深入分析龙粳31大面积推广的原因，以供今后育种开展。

Heilongjiang Province has a vast area with a complex and diverse climatic environment and significant differences in cumulative temperatures among regions, which brings challenges to the breeding and large-scale promotion of rice varieties. Longjing 31 is the japonica rice variety with the largest annual spreading area in China and the largest cumulative spreading area since the 21st century. This variety broke the dominant position of Kongyu 131 in Heilongjiang for 10 years with its advantages of high and stable yield, disease resistance and cold resistance, wide ecological adaptability, excellent quality and endurable storage. Based on the current situation of japonica rice breeding in Heilongjiang Province, the paper in-depth analysied the reasons for the large area popularization of Longjing 31 aiming for guiding the future rice breeding.