近年，长江流域稻区单季稻开花结实期高温频发重发。本文分析了高温年水稻开花结实期高温热害特征及高温对结实率的影响。高温年日最高温度高，持续时间延长；高温年7月上旬至8月上旬日最高温度较常温年高4.3℃~4.8℃；水稻开花结实期遇到高温热害结实率下降28.2~43.4个百分点；品种间耐高温热害特性差异较大。根据开花结实期高温热害特征及高温引起结实率下降的特点，提出高温预警及播期调整、耐热品种选择、高温期间田间灌水、喷施生长调节物质等开花结实期高温热害防控对策。

In recent years, high temperature have repeatedly occurred during flowering and fruiting stage of single season rice in the Yangtze River Basin. This study analyzed the characteristics of high temperature heat damage, and the effect of high temperature on seed setting rate during the flowering and fruiting stage of high temperature years. The analysis results indicated that the daily maximum temperature increased and the duration of high temperature extended. The daily maximum temperature in early July and early August of high temperature years raised by 4.3 ℃-4.8 ℃ compared with normal temperature years. During the flowering and fruiting stage of rice, when encountering high temperatures, the seed setting rate decreased by 28.2-43.4 percentage points. The resistance to high temperature heat damage was different among different varieties. According to the characteristics of high temperature heat damage in flowering and fruiting stage and the characteristics of high temperature caused the decrease of the seed setting rate, proposed four prevention and control measures for high temperature heat damage during flowering and fruiting stage, including high temperature warning and sowing period adjustment, selection of heat-resistant varieties, field irrigation during high temperature periods, and spraying of growth regulating substances.