广东是经济强省,也是人口大省,保障粮食安全对促进社会经济高质量发展具有重要作用。通过调研、查阅资料和系统分析,发现广东粮食生产中存在以下几方面问题:人均粮食产量和粮食自给率低、粮食播种面积和单产下降、各地市发展不平衡、种粮普遍亏损和种粮主体老龄化严重。这些问题严重威胁着广东粮食安全和产业高质量发展。在社会经济高质量发展的大背景下,提出保证粮食安全和产业发展的建议:首先是全省一盘棋,制定粤粮提升战略,建立粮食产业综合管理部门,从粮食产业链发展角度,制定约束性发展目标和落实措施;其次是突出重点,补齐各地产能短板,包括口粮为先、水稻为主、稳定水稻面积、增加粮食种植面积和以平均单产低于全省平均的地级市为重点等;三是精准施策,实现“政府要粮安和农民要效益”的协调,包括“藏粮于地”提高土地利用率、“藏粮于技”科技驱动、多措并举实现大面积均衡增产、合理补贴提高种粮效益与积极性,扶持各类农业新型经营主体带动农户同步发展。

Guangdong is a strong economy and a large population province. Ensuring food security plays an important role in promoting high-quality development of the social economy. From our survey and statistical data analysis, we discovered several problems in the grain production of Guangdong Province: low self-sufficiency of grain supply, reduction in planting area and yield level, uneven development in various cities, low economic benefit and labor force aging. These problems pose a serious threat to Guangdong’s food security and high-quality development of agriculture. Three strategies for improving Guangdong's grain production are suggested. Firstly, a province-level strategy for industrial upgrading program in grain production should be developed and a comprehensive management department for grain production should be established. Development goals and implementation should be planned and deployed on a basis of whole industrial chain. Secondly, the capacity in major production areas should be further consolidated and strengthened, and the potential gap in other backward areas be filled. Grain production, with rice in particular, should be prioritized in agriculture. The rice planting area should be stabilized and the planting area of all grain crops be increased. The grain production in prefectures with lower yielding level should be prioritized and enhanced. Thirdly, precise policies should formulated and implemented to achieve coordination between the government’s requirement for food security and farmers' demand for benefits, including harvesting more grains in the fields with improved land use, enhancing grain yield with advanced technology, implementing multiple-measure policy for balanced production, prizing farmers with reasonable subsidies and supporting new-type agricultural entities.