国家已明确指出，在粮食安全保障工作中，主产区、主销区、产销平衡区需共同承担责任，即“饭碗一起端，责任一起扛”。浙江作为典型的粮食主销省份，对其粮食生产特征进行深入分析，并探讨产能提升的瓶颈，进而提出切实可行的粮食产能提升策略，对于保障国家粮食安全具有重要意义。研究揭示，浙江在粮食产能提升方面面临着来自种粮主体、耕地资源以及技术等多方面的挑战与瓶颈。全省耕地资源的人口承载力持续承压，自2012年起便已步入人口超载区间。相较于全国范围，浙江粮食生产仅在生产效率上有比较优势。而在省内，嘉兴的平湖、秀洲以及湖州的南浔在粮食产能上展现出一定的综合优势。就粮食品种而言，浙江的水稻、大豆生产具有一定的综合比较优势，但大豆的优势并不稳定。为了有效应对这些挑战，提升粮食产能，应从强化种粮主体队伍等多方面精准施策，因地制宜，使新一轮千亿斤粮食产能提升行动落到实处，取得实效。

The state has clearly pointed out that in the work of ensuring food security, the main production areas, main sales areas, and production-sales balance areas should share responsibilities together, which means “holding the bowl together and sharing the responsibility together.” As a typical grain-consuming province, Zhejiang’s in-depth analysis of the characteristics of grain production and exploration of the bottlenecks in capacity enhancement, followed by the proposal of practical strategies for increasing grain production capacity, is of great significance for ensuring national food security. The research reveals that Zhejiang faces challenges and bottlenecks in improving grain production capacity from various aspects, including the main bodies of grain production, cultivated land resources, and technology. The population carrying capacity of cultivated land resources in the province has been under continuous pressure, and since 2012, it has entered the overloaded population zone. Compared with the national scope, Zhejiang’s grain production only has a comparative advantage in production efficiency. Within the province, Pinghu, Xuzhou, and Nanxun have demonstrated certain comprehensive advantages in grain production capacity. In terms of grain crop, Zhejiang’s rice and soybean production have certain comprehensive comparative advantages, but the advantage of soybeans is not stable. To effectively respond to these challenges and increase grain production capacity, precise policies should be implemented from various aspects, such as strengthening the team of grain producers, adapting to local conditions, and ensuring that the new round of the billion-ton grain production capacity enhancement action is implemented on the ground and achieves practical results.