选育高产氮高效水稻品种是解决资源短缺和环境污染问题的有效策略。在宁夏引黄灌区通过大田试验结合主成分分析法，对39个品种/品系在3个氮水平（0、180 和 240 kg N/hm²）下进行研究筛选，成熟期测定各品种（系）的产量、氮素利用效率等指标，通过主成分分析法得到各品种（系）的氮效率综合值，并采用产量-氮效率综合指数对供试品种（系）进行产量及氮效率类型划分。结果表明，根据水稻氮效率综合评分与产量关系，将供试品种（系）划分为4个类型，即双高效型、高氮低效型、双低效型和低氮高效型。筛选出宁粳41号、吉粳105、宁粳45号、宁粳47号、宁粳48号、宁粳52号、宁粳55号、宁粳56号、宁粳57号、中科804和花147共11个品种为氮高效品种（系）。与氮低效类型相比，氮高效品种（系）产量增加主要因为穗长、有效穗数及每穗实粒数增加。

Selection and breeding of high-yielding and efficient nitrogen-fertilized rice varieties is an effective strategy to solve the problems of resource shortage and environmental pollution. Thirty-nine varieties/lines were studied and screened at three nitrogen levels (0, 180 and 240 kg N/hm²) by field trials combined with principal component analysis in the Yellow Rive irrigation area of Ningxia. The yield and nitrogen utilization efficiency of each variety (line) were measured at maturity. The composite value of nitrogen efficiency of each variety (line) was obtained by principal component analysis, and the yield-nitrogen efficiency composite index was used to classify the yield-nitrogen efficiency types of the varieties (lines) for testing. The results showed that, based on the relation of the rice nitrogen efficiency composite score and yield, and the test varieties (lines) can be classified into four types, namely double high-efficiency type, high-nitrogen low-efficiency type, double low-efficiency type, and low-nitrogen high-efficiency type. A total of 11 varieties (lines), including Ninggeng 41, Jigeng 105, Ninggeng 45, Ninggeng 47, Ninggeng 48, Ninggeng 52, Ninggeng 55, Ninggeng 56, Ninggeng 57, Zhongke 804, and Hua 147, were screened as nitrogen-efficient varieties (lines). Compared with the nitrogen inefficient types, the increase in yield of the nitrogen efficient varieties (lines) was mainly due to the increase in spike length, effective spike number and total grains per spike.