为深入了解江苏垦区杂草稻的生物学特性及遗传多样性，挖掘其潜在的优质遗传资源，本研究对江苏农垦系统内19个农作区采集的27份杂草稻样本进行田间种植、观察和记录。通过主成分分析和聚类分析，我们对这些杂草稻材料的遗传多样性进行了详细解析。结果表明，江苏垦区的杂草稻群体在长宽比、穗长、每穗总粒数、每穗实粒数和分蘖能力等方面相较于栽培稻具有一定的优势，但其结实率略低于栽培稻，千粒重显著低于栽培稻；高峰分蘖数、落粒率、每穗实粒数、每穗总粒数、千粒重和株高在杂草稻群体中展现出较大的遗传变异性和丰富的遗传多样性。基于表型性状和基因序列的聚类分析结果基本一致，将杂草稻群体大致划分为5个类别，其中FXW类别倾向于粳型，而其他类别则倾向于籼型。本研究为江苏垦区杂草稻的有效管理和开发利用提供了科学依据。

To gain a thorough understanding of the biological characteristics and genetic diversity of weedy rice in Jiangsu Reclamation Area and to tap into its potential high-quality genetic resources, this study conducted field planting, observation, and recording of 27 weedy rice samples collected from 19 agricultural areas within the Jiangsu Agricultural Reclamation System. Through principal component analysis and cluster analysis, we conducted a detailed analysis of the genetic diversity of these weedy rice materials. The results indicated that the weedy rice population in Jiangsu Reclamation Area exhibited certain advantages over cultivated rice in terms of length-to-width ratio, panicle length, number of grains per panicle, number of filled grains, and tillering ability. However, its seed setting rate is slightly lower than that of cultivated rice, and its thousand-grain weight is significantly lower. The peak tiller number, shattering rate, number of filled grains, total grain number, thousand-grain weight, and plant height in the weedy rice population exhibited considerable genetic variability and rich genetic diversity. Cluster analysis based on phenotypic traits and gene sequences obtained consistent results, roughly dividing the weedy rice population into five categories, with the FXW category tending towards japonica type, while the other categories tended towards indica type. This study provides a scientific basis for the effective management and utilization of weedy rice in Jiangsu Reclamation Area.