水稻是云南主要粮食作物之一，发挥云南低纬高原的独特生态条件和天然物种基因库优势，推动水稻产能持续提升，对于推进高原特色农业的高质量发展以及保障国家粮食安全具有重要意义。本文通过总结云南省水稻产业发展现状，剖析当前面临的主要问题，包括高标准农业基础设施建设不足、粮经作物争地矛盾突出和杂交籼稻自给率过低等，提出加快农业基础设施的高质量建设、开展亚种间杂交优势利用及节水耐旱型水稻新品种攻关、强化绿色增产增效模式集成推广等对策，以期为云南省水稻产业可持续高质量发展提供理论支撑与实践指导。

Rice is one of the main grain crops in Yunnan. Utilizing the unique ecological conditions and natural species gene pool advantages of Yunnan’s low latitude plateau to promote the continuous improvement of rice production capacity, is of great significance for promoting the high-quality development of plateau characteristic agriculture and ensuring national food security. This article summarized the development situation of the rice industry in Yunnan Province, analyzed the main problems currently faced, including the insufficient construction of high standard agricultural infrastructure, the increasingly fierce competition for land resources between grain and economic crops, and the low self-sufficiency rate of hybrid indica rice varieties. It proposed straitegy such as accelerating the high-quality construction of agricultural infrastructure, utilizing the advantages of inter-subspecies hybridization, breeding new water-saving and drought-resistant rice varieties, and strengthening the integrated promotion of green and high-efficient models, to provide theoretical support and practical guidance for the sustainable and high-quality development of the rice industry in Yunnan Province.