秸秆炭基肥料对水稻土壤质量与养分利用及微生物群落的作用
收稿日期: 2024-06-14
网络出版日期: 2025-05-14
基金资助
浙江省2023—2025年粮油产业技术项目“水上稻秸秆炭化制肥技术研究与应用示范”;国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFE0196000)
Effects of Straw Biochar-Based Fertilizers on Soil Quality, Nutrient Utilization, and Microbial Community in Paddy Soils
Received date: 2024-06-14
Online published: 2025-05-14
长期大量施用化肥引起的土壤质量下降和环境问题受到广泛关注。而农业生产过程中产生的秸秆，直接还田会导致种植障碍和环境风险。本研究旨在探讨不同比例的炭基肥料替代化肥对水稻土壤质量、酶学性质、微生物群落结构及水稻生长的影响。结果表明，炭基肥料部分替代化肥能有效改善土壤结构和养分状况，提高土壤酶活性并改善微生物群落结构，其中以50%替代比例效果最佳，与常规施肥处理相比，成熟期土壤全氮、全磷、有机质含量分别提高36.03%、28.36%和19.53%，过氧化氢酶和蔗糖酶活性分别提高12.24%和29.67%，Chao、Ace和Shannon指数分别增加22.20%、21.97%和6.33%。此外，炭基肥施用显著促进了水稻生长发育及养分吸收利用，其中50%替代化肥处理相比常规施肥处理水稻产量和地上部干物质量分别提高14.44%和15.95%，氮、磷和钾素的吸收效率分别增加18.94%、19.18%和19.07%。秸秆炭化制备肥料有助于促进废弃物秸秆的资源化和循环利用。
党洪阳, 庄海峰, 赵宇飞, 傅建舟, 季卫东 . 秸秆炭基肥料对水稻土壤质量与养分利用及微生物群落的作用[J]. 中国稻米, 2025 , 31(3) : 37 -45 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2025.03.006
The long-term and excessive use of chemical fertilizers has led to declining soil quality and environmental issues, attracting widespread attention. Directly returning straw produced during agricultural production to the field can lead to planting obstacles and environmental risks. This study aims to explore the effects of replacing chemical fertilizers with different proportions of biochar-based fertilizers on the quality of paddy soil, enzymatic properties, microbial community structure, and rice growth. The results indicated that the treatments with biochar-based fertilizers effectively improved soil structure and nutrient status, stimulated soil enzyme activity, and improved microbial community structure. Among them, the 50% substitution ratio treatment had the best effect. Compared with the conventional fertilization treatment, the total nitrogen, total phosphorus, and organic matter content of soil at mature increased by 36.03%, 28.36%, and 19.53%, respectively. The activities of catalase and sucrase increased by 12.24% and 29.67%, respectively, and the Chao, Ace, and Shannon indices increased by 22.20%, 21.97%, and 6.33%, respectively. Moreover, the application of biochar-based fertilizers significantly promoted rice growth, nutrient absorption and utilization. Among them, the 50% substitution ratio treatment had the best effect. Compared with the conventional fertilization treatment, rice yield and aboveground dry matter quality increased by 14.44% and 15.95%, respectively, the absorption efficiency of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium increased by 18.94%, 19.18%, and 19.07%, respectively. The preparation of fertilizers through straw carbonization helps promote the resource utilization and recycling of waste straw.
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