当前，全国正积极推行新一轮千亿斤粮食产能提升行动。作为我国南方重要粮食生产大省，江西粮食产能的提升对于保障区域乃至国家的粮食安全具有重大意义。结合江西省粮食生产的历史数据和当前政策环境，系统梳理了江西省提升粮食产能的必要性和可行性。通过对比分析，总结了江西提升粮食产能过程中的关键问题，并基于实际情况提出了解决策略。研究认为，江西省粮食产能提升对于保障地区粮食安全、促进农业高质量发展、维护国家粮食安全和贡献全球粮食安全具有显著意义。然而，在提升过程中，江西省也面临着耕地减少、播种面积下降、复种指数降低、生产效益下滑、自然灾害频发、农业基础设施薄弱、劳动力资源短缺、冬季作物种植面积缩减、旱地作物生产薄弱以及土壤肥力下降等一系列挑战。为有效应对上述挑战，提出了一系列战略对策和具体措施，包括保护耕地资源、扩大播种面积、提高单位面积产量、优化粮食品质、调整农作物种植结构、加强旱地作物生产、改善农田基础设施条件、减少粮食在生产及流通环节的损耗、推广应用先进的科学技术和培养粮食生产人才等，以期为江西省乃至全国的粮食安全和农业可持续发展提供有益的参考和借鉴。

Currently, China is actively implementing a new round of actions to increase the grain production capacity by five billion kilogram. As an important grain-producing province in China, Jiangxi's enhancement of grain production capacity is of great significance for ensuring the food security of the region and even the whole country. Based on the historical data of grain production in Jiangxi Province and the current policy environment, this study systematically reviewed the necessity and feasibility of increasing grain production capacity in Jiangxi. Through comparative analysis, summarized the key problems in the process of improving grain production capacity in Jiangxi and put forward the solutions based on the actual situation. The research suggests that enhancing grain production capacity in Jiangxi Province is of significant importance for ensuring regional food security, promoting high-quality agricultural development, maintaining the national food security, and contributing to global food security. However, in the process of enhancement， Jiangxi Province also faced a series of challenges, including the reduction of cultivated land, the decrease of sown area, the reduction of multiple cropping, the reduction of production efficiency, the frequent occurrence of natural disasters, the fragile agricultural infrastructure, the shortage of labor force, the shrinkage of winter food crops, the weakness of dryland crops and the decline of land fertility. To effectively address these challenges, proposed a series of strategic countermeasures and specific measures， including protecting cultivated land resources, expanding sowing area, increasing yield per unit area, optimizing grain quality, adjusting the structure of crop planting, strengthening dryland crop production, improving farmland infrastructure, reducing grain loss in production and circulation, promoting the application of advanced science and technology, and cultivating grain production talents, so as to provide reference for food security and sustainable development of agriculture in Jiangxi Province and even China.