受独特的地理与气候等因素共同作用，五常大米香气芬馥、口感优异，深受消费者的喜爱。本文汇总了2008—2022年黑龙江省农业科学院生物技术研究所五常试验基地15年水稻区域试验、生产试验960份（次）数据，涵盖了品种（系）产量及农艺性状等信息，研究分析了5个组别（第一积温带早熟组、第一积温带晚熟组、第一积温带早熟香稻组、第一积温带晚熟香稻组和第一积温带晚糯稻组）参试水稻品系产量及农艺性状的演变规律。结果表明，近年早熟和晚熟品系产量整体呈上升趋势，产量增加的主要原因得益于千粒重和每穗实粒数的增加，但是其有效穗数、耐冷性和株高均呈下降趋势。早熟香稻品系的产量及农艺性状演变规律与早熟品系相似，但产量略低；晚熟香稻品系的产量及农艺性状演变规律也基本与晚熟品系相同；与晚熟品系相比，糯稻品系除千粒重和株高呈下降趋势外，其余产量及农艺性状变化趋势大致相同。本研究结果可为五常地区水稻育种工作提供科学指导和技术支撑。

Due to unique geographical, climatic and other factors, Wuchang rice has a rich aroma and excellent taste, which is deeply loved by consumers. This article summarized the data of 960 rice regional and production trial varieties (lines) yield and agronomic traits from 2008 to 2022 at the Wuchang Experimental Base of the Institute of Biotechnology, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences and systematically studied the evolution rule of yield and agronomic traits of five groups (early maturing group, late maturing group, early maturing fragrant rice group, late maturing fragrant rice group, and late glutinous rice group in the first accumulated temperature zone). The results showed that the yield of early maturing and late maturing lines has shown an overall upward trend in recent years, and the main reason for the increase in yield was the increase in thousand grain weight and grain number per ear. However, the effective number of panicles, cold tolerance, and plant height all shown a downward trend. The evolutionary rule of yield and agronomic traits of early maturing fragrant rice lines are similar to those of early maturing lines, but the yield is slightly lower. The evolutionary rule of yield and agronomic traits of late maturing fragrant rice lines are basically the same as those of late maturing lines. Compared with late maturing rice lines, the glutinous rice lines showed a downward trend in thousand-grain weight and plant height, while the trends of the other yield and agronomic traits are basically the same. The research results can provide scientific guidance and technical support for rice breeding in the Wuchang region.