水稻是我国第一大口粮作物，实现水稻高产优质协同对于保障国家粮食安全意义重大。鉴于耕地和水资源等条件的限制，提高单产成为我国提升粮食产能的主要途径。现代高产优质水稻品种普遍具有穗大粒多的特征，但若栽培管理措施不当，易引发群体发育不均衡、弱势粒灌浆不充分等问题，严重制约水稻品种高产优质潜力的发挥。作者团队在20多年理论研究与技术探索基础上，创新性提出了“水稻均衡高质量健康群体理论”，并构建了以“匀起点、调碳氮、强弱粒”为核心的水稻均衡群体栽培技术体系。该体系以缓混肥一次施肥技术为核心，同时配套精播壮苗微喷旱育技术、增氧促根匀插早发技术以及强弱势粒差异化调控技术等。通过提高水稻单穴穗数均匀度、穗粒数均匀度以及强弱势籽粒灌浆均匀度，有效提升了水稻单产和品质水平，为我国粮食安全保障提供了重要的理论指导与技术支撑。

Rice serves as the primary staple food crop in China, making sustained synergistic high yield and quality essential for national food security is of great significance. With arable land and water resources increasingly constrained, enhancing grain productivity primarily depends on maximizing yield per unit area. While modern high-yielding and high-quality rice varieties feature large panicles with abundant grains, improper cultivation practices often result in uneven population development and insufficient grain filling in inferior spikelets, severely limiting their yield potential. Based on over two decades of theoretical research and technological exploration, the author’s team innovatively proposed the “Balanced, High-Quality, and Healthy Rice Population Theory” and constructed a cultivation technical system for balanced rice populations centered around the principles of “symmetric and early tillering, regulation of plant carbon-nitrogen metabolism, and enhanced grain filling in inferior spikelets”. The system integrates four key technologies: one-time slow-release and blended fertilization technique, precision seeding and simplified seedling cultivation, uniform transplanting with shortened seedling establishment periods, and synchronized grain filling for superior and inferior spikelets. By optimizing uniformity in panicle number per hill, grain number per panicle, and grain filling synchronization, this approach has substantially increased rice yield and quality. It has provided important theoretical guidance and technological support for safeguarding China’s food security.