水稻单倍体育种技术研究进展与展望
收稿日期: 2025-05-29
网络出版日期: 2025-07-08
基金资助
国家水稻产业技术体系(CARS--01);国家自然科学基金面上项目(32372177);浙江省重点研发计划项目(2021C02063-6)
Research Progress and Prospects of Doubled Haploid Technology in Rice
Received date: 2025-05-29
Online published: 2025-07-08
相较于传统纯系育种需要通过6~10个世代的自交或回交才能实现育种材料纯合，单倍体育种技术能够在1~2代内快速培育出遗传完全纯合的育种材料，显著缩短了育种周期。单倍体育种技术主要包括单倍体诱导、单倍体筛选、染色体加倍以及双单倍体种植与育种应用等关键环节，其中单倍体诱导是整个技术体系的核心步骤。根据不同的诱导方式，目前在水稻中主要存在两种诱导单倍体的方法：一是已成熟应用的花药离体培养法；二是近年来兴起的利用单倍体诱导系进行杂交的方法。本文综述了基于单倍体诱导系的水稻单倍体育种技术近年来的研究进展，探讨了水稻单倍体育种各个技术环节存在技术难题，展望了其未来在水稻育种中的应用前景。
金星辰, 黄钰姮, 徐江民, 王克剑, 饶玉春, 刘朝雷 . 水稻单倍体育种技术研究进展与展望[J]. 中国稻米, 2025 , 31(4) : 32 -36 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2025.04.007
Doubled haploid(DH) technology accelerates the production of fully homozygous breeding lines within just 1 to 2 generations, representing a significant improvement over conventional methods that require 6 to 10 generations of selfing or backcrossing. The process involves four key steps: haploid induction, haploid identification, chromosome doubling, and the cultivation and application of doubled haploids(DHs). Haploid induction, which serves as the foundation of this system, currently employs two main approaches in rice: (1) the well-established anther culture method and (2) the emerging hybridization-based method utilizing haploid inducers (HIs). This review highlights recent advances in HI-mediated DH technology for rice, analyzes the technical challenges encountered at each step, and explores its future applications in rice breeding.
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