我国北方可降解膜水稻覆膜插秧机械研究进展
收稿日期: 2025-05-15
网络出版日期: 2025-09-11
基金资助
山东省现代农业产业技术体系水稻农业机械岗位专家项目(SDAIT-17-08)
Research Progress of Degradable Film Rice Transplanting Machinery in North China
Received date: 2025-05-15
Online published: 2025-09-11
我国北方地区凭借昼夜温差大、光照充足等自然条件，在优质稻米生产方面具备独特优势。然而，受地温较低、水资源短缺、农药化肥过量施用以及传统塑料地膜污染等因素制约，北方水稻种植在可持续发展道路上仍面临诸多挑战。可降解膜水稻覆膜插秧机械采用生物可降解地膜作为覆盖材料，将高效插秧技术与覆膜作业有机融合，实现覆膜与插秧的同步作业，集增温保湿、抑草节肥、防治病虫害等多种功能于一身。此技术能够显著提高水稻秧苗的成活率，增强秧苗的早期生长优势，有助于促进水稻稳产和品质提升。同时，它还能有效减少塑料膜残留污染，是推动北方稻作实现绿色可持续发展的关键技术之一。本文系统综述了可降解膜水稻覆膜插秧机械在国内外的研究进展，深入分析了该技术在我国北方寒地稻作生产中的作用机制和应用效果，总结了当前存在的问题与技术瓶颈，并对未来的发展方向进行了展望，旨在为我国北方水稻种植机械化与绿色化的融合发展提供理论支持和技术参考。
卢淼, 张玮平, 胡安瑞, 王刘西航, 杨圣杰, 展颖超, 魏立兴, 傅生辉, 国磊, 刘双喜 . 我国北方可降解膜水稻覆膜插秧机械研究进展[J]. 中国稻米, 2025 , 31(5) : 17 -25 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2025.05.003
The northern region of China has unique advantages in high-quality rice production due to natural conditions such as a large diurnal temperature range and sufficient light. However, due to factors such as low ground temperature, water shortage, excessive use of pesticides and fertilizers, and traditional plastic film pollution, rice cultivation in the north still faces many challenges in terms of sustainable development. The biodegradable film mulching rice transplanting machine uses biodegradable film as covering material, integrates high-efficiency transplanting technology with film mulching, realizes synchronous operation of film mulching and transplanting, and integrates functions such as temperature and moisture retention, weed inhibition and fertilizer saving, and pest and disease prevention and control. This technology can significantly improve the survival rate and early growth advantages of rice seedlings, promote the stable yield and quality of rice, and effectively reduce the residual pollution of plastic film, which is one of the key technologies for achieving the green and sustainable development of rice cultivation in northern China. This paper systematically reviews the research progress of biodegradable film mulching rice transplanting machinery at home and abroad, analyzes its mechanism and application effect in rice production in northern cold regions, summarizes the existing problems and technical bottlenecks, and prospects the future development direction, so as to provide theoretical support and technical reference for promoting the integration and development of rice planting mechanization and greening in northern China.
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