选用分蘖能力与穗型大小存在差异的两种水稻品种为材料，深入探究了寒地超级稻与常规品种高产群体（产量高于 9 750 kg/hm²）的物质生产特征。结果显示，高产群体在抽穗期呈现出以下显著特征：群体生物量、叶质量以及茎鞘质量均处于较高水平，在生物总量和籽粒产量中占比较大；同时，具备较高的叶面积指数和高效叶面积率。从抽穗期至成熟期来看，高产群体表现出干物质净积累量较高的特点，且在生物总量和籽粒产量中占比较大；光合物质生产能力较强，具体表现为叶面积衰减率较低，光合势、群体生长率以及净同化率均较高；此外，茎鞘物质的输出与转运过程协调有序，实粒数/叶面积和粒质量/叶面积比值均较高。在生育后期，高产群体不仅需要具备较大的群体库容，而且充实度与总充实量也应维持在较高水平，同时需保持较强的抗倒伏能力。

In this study, two types of rice varieties with differences in tillering capacity and panicle size were selected as materials to conduct an in-depth exploration of the material production characteristics of high-yielding populations (with a yield higher than 9 750 kg/hm²) of super rice and conventional rice varieties in cold regions. The results showed that high-yielding populations exhibited the following notable characteristics at the heading stage: the population biomass, leaf weight, and stem-sheath weight were all at high levels, accounting for relatively large proportions of the total biomass and grain yield; simultaneously, they possessed a relatively large leaf area index and a high efficient leaf area ratio. From the heading stage to the maturity stage, high-yielding populations demonstrated the characteristic of a relatively high net accumulation of dry matter, accounting for a relatively large proportion of the total biomass and grain yield; they had a strong ability to produce photosynthetic substances, specifically manifested as a low leaf area decline rate, and relatively high values of leaf area duration, population growth rate, and net assimilation rate; in addition, the output and translocation of stem-sheath substances were coordinated and orderly, with relatively high values of filled grain number per unit leaf area and grain weight per unit leaf area. During the late growth stage, high-yielding populations not only needed to have a large population sink capacity but also should maintain relatively high levels of plumpness and total plumpness, while retaining strong lodging resistance.