党中央、国务院始终将粮食安全工作置于国家发展的战略高度，高度重视并持续推进相关工作。水稻作为我国重要的口粮作物，其单产提升是保障口粮绝对安全的关键举措。从全球范围来看，我国稻谷单产水平处于相对领先地位，在国际上缺乏可直接照搬借鉴大面积单产提升的成功经验与成熟做法。与此同时，我国水稻生产还面临着诸多现实挑战。一方面，不同稻区之间单产水平差异显著，部分稻区单产潜力尚未得到充分挖掘；另一方面，极端气候事件近年来多发频发，干旱、洪涝、高温热害等自然灾害对水稻生长造成严重影响，进一步增加了单产提升的难度。针对制约我国水稻大面积单产提升的诸多因素，本文深入剖析了我国水稻单产提升的可行性与潜在机遇。在此基础上，进一步探讨了不同稻区推进单产提升过程中面临的技术难点，明确了各区域的重点任务，阐述了与之配套的支撑服务措施，旨在为我国水稻大面积单产提升提供全面、科学且具有针对性的指导与参考。

The Chinese government has consistently placed food security work at a strategic height in national development, attaching great importance to it and continuously advancing relevant efforts. Rice, as a crucial staple food crop in China, enhancing its per-unit yield is a key measure to ensure the absolute security of the country’s staple food supply. From a global perspective, China’s rice yield per unit area is relatively high, so this also means there is a lack of readily applicable successful experiences and mature practices from other countries to borrow. Meanwhile, China’s rice production is confronted with numerous practical challenges. On one hand, there are significant differences in yield per unit area among different rice-growing regions, and the yield potential in some regions has not been fully tapped. On the other hand, extreme climate events have become more frequent in recent years. Natural disasters such as droughts, floods, and high-temperature heat damage have severely impacted rice growth, further increasing the difficulty of improving per-unit yield. In response to the various factors restricting the enhancement of rice yield per unit area over large areas in China, this paper conducts an in-depth analysis of the feasibility and potential opportunities for improving China’s rice yield per unit area. Based on this, it further explores the technical challenges faced in the process of promoting yield improvement in different rice-growing regions, clarifies the key tasks for each region, and elaborates in detail on the supporting service tasks that go along with them. The aim is to provide comprehensive, scientific, and targeted guidance and references for enhancing rice yield per unit area over large areas in China.