水稻种质资源低镉积累和耐旱性鉴定及基因挖掘
收稿日期: 2025-09-27
网络出版日期: 2026-01-13
基金资助
湖南省重点研发计划项目(2023NK2001)
Identification of Low Cadmium Accumulation and Drought Tolerance in Rice Germplasm and Gene Mining
Received date: 2025-09-27
Online published: 2026-01-13
水稻作为全球重要的粮食作物，其产量与品质的稳定对于保障粮食安全意义重大。然而，人类活动引发的土壤镉污染问题，以及全球气候变化导致的干旱灾害，正严重威胁着水稻的正常生长，进而对其产量和品质造成不利影响。为有效应对上述挑战，本研究对500余份水稻种质资源进行了镉积累能力与耐旱性评价，并利用50K SNP芯片进行基因型鉴定。本研究成功筛选出23份耐镉水稻材料，这些材料在高镉污染的大田环境中生长时，稻米镉含量能够稳定低于0.1mg/kg；同时，还筛选出22份具有优异耐旱性的水稻材料，这些材料在经历长达1个月的干旱处理后依然能够保持存活状态。为进一步探究水稻镉积累和耐旱性的遗传机制，研究团队运用全基因组关联分析方法，成功定位到3个与稻米镉含量紧密相关的QTL位点，以及4个与耐旱性显著相关的QTL位点。本研究筛选出的低镉积累和耐旱种质资源，以及定位到的与水稻镉积累和耐旱性相关的基因位点，可为深入开展水稻遗传研究提供宝贵的材料和理论依据，更为后续的育种应用奠定了坚实基础。
李宙炜, 尹乾宇, 叶昌荣, 程计华, 王思哲, 陈海龙, 黎长红, 张砚, 龙宇, 蔡珊珊, 吴云天, 贾高峰, 田冰川 . 水稻种质资源低镉积累和耐旱性鉴定及基因挖掘[J]. 中国稻米, 2026 , 32(1) : 20 -25 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2026.01.005
Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is a globally important cereal crop, and the stability of its yield and grain quality plays a crucial role in ensuring food security. However, soil cadmium (Cd) contamination caused by human activities, together with drought stress induced by global climate change, pose serious threats to normal rice growth, adversely affecting both productivity and quality. To effectively address these challenges, we evaluated Cd accumulation capacity and drought tolerance of more than 500 rice germplasm accessions, and performed genotyping using a 50K single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) chip. In this study, 23 rice lines with low Cd accumulation were successfully identified; when grown in field conditions with high Cd contamination, their grain Cd concentrations remained consistently below 0.1 mg/kg. Meanwhile, 22 rice lines exhibiting superior drought tolerance were selected, as they maintained survival after a prolonged drought treatment lasting for one month. To further elucidate the genetic basis underlying Cd accumulation and drought tolerance in rice, genome-wide association studies (GWAS) were conducted, leading to the identification of three quantitative trait loci (QTLs) significantly associated with grain Cd content and four QTLs strongly linked to drought tolerance. The low-Cd and drought-tolerant germplasms identified in this study, along with the precisely mapped gene locis related to these traits, provide valuable materials and a theoretical foundation for in-depth genetic research on rice, and lay a solid groundwork for future breeding applications.
Key words： rice; cadmium accumulation; drought tolerance; germplasm resources; gene mapping
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