面向高产高效杂交水稻制种的育种策略与应用
收稿日期: 2025-11-10
网络出版日期: 2026-05-11
基金资助
高产高效再生稻新品种选育(2024CX03);长沙市科技项目(kq2404012);湖南省自然科学基金(2024JJ4032)
Breeding Strategies and Application for High-Yield and High-Efficiency Hybrid Rice Seed Production
Received date: 2025-11-10
Online published: 2026-05-11
杂交水稻的成功应用为保障我国粮食安全作出了巨大贡献，而高效制种技术是其大规模推广的关键。本文系统回顾了我国杂交水稻制种技术的发展历程，从初期的探索与完善到现今的成熟与高产，并重点探讨了实现高产高效制种的育种策略。综述了通过提高母本柱头外露率与活力、精准调控父母本花期相遇以及增强亲本耐高温能力等关键技术以提升异交结实率的研究进展。分析了包括叶色与颖壳颜色标记、抗除草剂技术及机械化混播混收在内的新型除杂与制种技术，这些技术显著提升了种子纯度与生产效率，降低了人工成本。最后，展望了未来杂交水稻制种的发展方向，指出创制适合全程机械化的亲本新材料，以及利用无融合生殖固定杂种优势，将是实现杂交水稻生产可持续发展的根本路径。
彭佳旗, 李彦, 孙平勇, 张武汉, 舒服, 赵旺辉, 吕启明, 李元杰, 邓华凤, 雷东阳, 何强 . 面向高产高效杂交水稻制种的育种策略与应用[J]. 中国稻米, 2026 , 32(3) : 16 -22 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2026.03.004
The successful application of hybrid rice has contributed significantly to ensuring China’s food security, with efficient seed production technology being crucial for its large-scale promotion. This paper systematically reviews the development process of hybrid rice seed production technology in China, from the initial exploration and improvement stages to the current phase of maturity and high yield, with a focus on breeding strategies for achieving high-yield and high-efficiency seed production. It summarizes research advances in key technologies such as improving the stigma excretion rate and vitality of the female parent, precisely synchronizing the flowering time of parental lines, and enhancing parental heat tolerance to increase outcrossing seed set rates. The paper also analyzes novel seed purification and production technologies, including leaf and hull color markers, herbicide-resistant techniques, and mechanized mixed planting and harvesting, which have significantly improved seed purity, production efficiency, and reduced labor costs. Finally, the paper prospects future development directions for hybrid rice seed production, pointing out that creating new parental lines suitable for whole-process mechanization and utilizing apomixis to fix heterosis will be fundamental paths toward achieving sustainable development in hybrid rice production.
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