为探究纳米塑料（NPs）对水稻种子引发的效应及其作用机制，本研究以五优稻4号、渝香糯1号、渝香优8133和甬优4949为试验材料，设置空白对照（CK）及0.1 mg/L（T1）、10 mg/L（T2）、1 000 mg/L（T3）浓度的NPs处理，测定种子发芽特性、幼苗生长状况以及抗氧化生理指标。结果表明，T1处理对种子萌发具有一定促进作用，而T2和T3处理则显著抑制发芽；各浓度NPs处理均促进地上部生长但抑制根系发育，导致根冠比下降。抗氧化酶响应呈现解偶联现象：超氧化物歧化酶与过氧化氢酶活性上升，过氧化物酶活性受到抑制，丙二醛含量变化则因品种和处理浓度不同而异。甬优4949和五优稻4号表现出较强的耐性，氧化损伤较轻；而渝香糯1号和渝香优8133对NPs较为敏感，膜脂过氧化程度加剧。本研究为水稻抗逆栽培、农田微塑料污染防控及耐性品种选育提供了理论依据，有助于保障稻米安全生产。

To investigate the effects of nanoplastics (NPs) on rice seed priming and their underlying mechanisms, this study utilized four rice varieties (Wuyoudao 4, Yuxiangnuo 1, Yuxiangyou 8133, and Yongyou 4949) as experimental materials. Treatments included a blank control (CK) and NP treatments at concentrations of 0.1 mg/L (T1), 10 mg/L (T2), and 1000 mg/L (T3). Seed germination characteristics, seedling growth status, and antioxidant physiological indices (including activities of SOD, POD, CAT, and MDA content) were measured. The results showed that the T1 treatment slightly promoted seed germination, while the T2 and T3 treatments significantly inhibited it. All NPs treatments promoted shoot growth but inhibited root development, resulting in a decreased root-to-shoot ratio. The antioxidant enzyme responses exhibited an uncoupled phenomenon: SOD and CAT activities increased, POD activity was inhibited, and changes in MDA content varied depending on the variety and treatment concentration. Yongyou 4949 and Wuyoudao 4 exhibited strong tolerance with minimal oxidative damage, whereas Yuxiangnuo 1 and Yuxiangyou 8133 were more sensitive to NPs, showing aggravated membrane lipid peroxidation. This study provides a theoretical basis for stress-resistant rice cultivation, microplastic pollution prevention and control in farmland, and the selection of tolerant varieties, thereby contributing to the assurance of safe rice production.