纹枯病是水稻三大主要病害之一，严重影响水稻的绿色可持续生产与高产稳产。粳稻作为主要的口粮作物，其安全生产对国家粮食安全具有重要意义。本研究在田间接种条件下，对来自南方不同生态区的255个粳稻品种和35个籼稻品种进行了纹枯病抗性鉴定。结果表明，参试品种整体抗性水平较低，89.7%品种表现为中感至感病；籼稻的抗性普遍优于粳稻；在粳稻中，浙江品种的抗性整体高于江苏和安徽品种；江苏地区的早熟晚粳型品种抗性优于中熟中粳和迟熟中粳类型品种。相关分析显示，抽穗期和株高与纹枯病抗性呈显著负相关。结合病情级别、抽穗期及株高性状，本研究筛选到14个抗性表现较好的中抗粳稻品种，为南方粳稻抗纹枯病育种提供了有价值的种质资源。

Sheath blight is one of the three major diseases in rice, posing a serious threat to rice green sustainable production and high stable yield. As a primary staple crop, the safe production of japonica rice is of great significance to national food security. In this study, under field inoculation conditions, we evaluated the resistance to sheath blight in 255 japonica rice varieties and 35 indica rice varieties collected from different ecological regions of southern China. The results showed that the overall resistance level of the tested varieties was low, with 89.7% of them being moderately susceptible to susceptible. The resistance of indica rice varieties was generally superior to that of japonica varieties. Among the japonica varieties, those from Zhejiang Province exhibited higher resistance levels compared to those from Jiangsu and Anhui Provinces. In Jiangsu, late-maturing japonica types showed better resistance than medium-maturing and late-medium-maturing types. Correlation analysis revealed a significant negative relationship between sheath blight resistance and both heading date and plant height. Based on disease rating, heading date, and plant height, 14 moderately resistant japonica varieties with relatively good resistance were identified, providing valuable germplasm resources for breeding sheath blight-resistant japonica rice in southern China.