耕地资源持续收紧背景下,提升粮食单产是保障国家粮食安全的核心途径。农业机械化作为良田、良法配套集成的重要支撑,对粮食产能提升至关重要。本文以江苏省为研究区域,基于近5年粮食单产动态变化数据,系统分析其增产贡献特征,发现“十四五”以来单产对粮食增产的贡献率持续回落,粮食单产提升潜力亟待挖掘。结合实地调研发现,制约江苏省农机化赋能粮食单产提升的主要因素包括农田宜机化基础薄弱、关键生产环节机械化水平不足、农机与农艺融合度不高、社会化服务体系效能偏低及专业技术人才匮乏等。通过梳理苏北、苏中、苏南典型生产实践,总结得出政府引导、主体带动、机艺适配、智慧升级的区域农机化提质增效发展经验。在此基础上,从农田宜机化改造、全程机械化体系构建、技术协同集成示范、多元社会化服务完善、现代农业人才培育5个方面,提出江苏省农机化助力粮食稳产增产的优化路径,可为区域农机化高质量发展、持续提升粮食综合生产能力提供参考。

Under the background of continuously shrinking cultivated land resources, increasing grain yield per unit area is a core pathway to ensuring national food security. Agricultural mechanization, serving as a crucial support for integrating high-standard farmland with optimized agronomic practices, plays a vital role in enhancing grain production capacity. Focusing on Jiangsu Province, this study systematically analyzed the contribution characteristics of mechanization to yield growth based on the dynamic changes in grain yield over the past five years. The results indicated that since the onset of the 14th Five-Year Plan, the contribution rate of yield increase to total grain production has continued to decline, highlighting an urgent need to unlock potential for further yield improvement. Field surveys reveal that key constraints include a weak foundation for farmland mechanization suitability, insufficient mechanization in critical production links, low integration of machinery and agronomy, inefficient social service systems, and a shortage of professional technical personnel. By examining typical practices in Northern, Central, and Southern Jiangsu, this paper summarizes development experiences centered on government guidance, entity-driven initiatives, machinery-agronomy adaptation, and smart upgrading. Consequently, an optimized pathway is proposed, emphasizing mechanization suitability transformation, the construction of a full-process mechanization system, collaborative technology integration demonstrations, diversified social service improvement, and modern agricultural talent cultivation. These findings provide references for promoting high-quality agricultural mechanization development and sustaining comprehensive grain production capacity in Jiangsu Province.