为明确以精准播种、增密减氮、开挖丰产沟、冬季翻耕等技术措施为核心的双季稻丰产高效栽培模式(T)的综合效应,2025年选用早稻品种株两优4024、中嘉早 17 及晚稻品种泰优398、桃优香占为试验材料,于湖南省益阳市赫山区开展田间试验。试验以当地传统栽培模式为对照(CK),分析两种栽培模式对双季稻产量及产量形成特征的影响。结果表明,相较于CK, T模式可显著提升双季稻产量,早、晚稻产量分别增加11.63%和7.64%,主要通过提升早稻每穗粒数(增幅20.03%)与晚稻有效穗数(增幅17.04%)实现早、晚稻增产;两种模式水稻最高分蘖数无显著差异,但T模式的成穗率较CK显著提高,早、晚稻分别提升9.35%和21.45%;T模式总干物质积累量显著高于CK,差异主要源于抽穗至成熟期的光能辐射利用率。综上,丰产高效栽培模式在减种、减氮条件下,通过优化产量构成、提高成穗率与后期光能利用,增加干物质积累,实现双季稻增产。

To clarify the comprehensive effects of a high-yield and high-efficiency cultivation mode (T) centered on technical measures including precision sowing, optimized planting density with reduced nitrogen input, furrow opening for yield enhancement, and winter plowing, a field experiment was conducted in Heshan District, Yiyang City, Hunan Province, in 2025. The experiment utilized early rice varieties Zhuliangyou 4024 and Zhongjiazao 17, along with late rice varieties Taiyou 398 and Taoyouxiangzhan. Using the local conventional cultivation mode as the control (CK), the study analyzed the effects of the two modes on grain yield and yield formation characteristics. The results showed that compared to CK, mode T significantly increased the yield of double-cropping rice, by 11.63% and 7.64% for early and late rice, respectively. Mode T primarily achieved this yield increase by enhancing the number of grains per panicle in early rice (increase of 20.03%) and the number of effective panicles in late rice (increase of 17.04%). Although there was no significant difference in the maximum tiller number between the two modes, the spike rate of mode T was significantly higher than that of CK, increasing by 9.35% and 21.45% for early and late rice, respectively. Furthermore, the total dry matter accumulation in mode T was significantly higher than that in CK, with the difference mainly attributed to the radiation use efficiency from heading to maturity. In conclusion, under conditions of reduced seed and nitrogen inputs, the high-yield and high-efficiency cultivation mode achieved increased yields in double-cropping rice by optimizing yield components, improving spike rates, and enhancing post-anthesis light utilization to boost dry matter accumulation.