Abstract:

To address the strong subjectivity and low efficiency of traditional sensory evaluation, this study established a standardized and efficient system for the rapid identification of rice eating quality, aiming to facilitate the early screening of elite breeding materials and accelerate high-quality rice breeding in South China. A total of 212 accessions of South China high-quality rice core germplasm and their derived lines were employed as experimental materials. By integrating taste analyzer quantification, artificial sensory evaluation, and NMR-based fatty acid profiling, we validated the efficacy of the taste analyzer in early-stage screening and elucidated the regulatory mechanisms of fatty acids on eating quality. Results showed a highly significant positive correlation between taste analyzer scores and sensory scores, confirming that the analyzer can effectively replace manual evaluation for large-scale screening. The tested germplasm exhibited rich genetic variation and stable expression of eating quality traits. Six elite lines with synergistic improvements in both eating quality and agronomic traits were successfully screened. Furthermore, the regulatory effect of fatty acids on eating quality displayed distinct genotypic specificity, supporting their use as auxiliary selection indicators. The combined technology of taste analysis and NMR detection significantly improves screening efficiency and shortens the breeding cycle. This study provides reliable technical support and core germplasm resources for the precise identification and targeted molecular breeding of high-quality rice in South China.

Key words: rice, core germplasm, eating quality, fatty acid, taste analyzer, rapid identification, South China rice region

摘要：

传统稻米食味感官评价存在主观性较强、检测效率偏低等缺陷，为构建标准化、高效率的稻米食味快速鉴定技术体系，助力优质水稻育种材料早期筛选，加快华南优质稻育种进程，以212份华南优质稻核心种质及衍生株系为试验材料，整合食味计定量检测、人工感官品尝、核磁共振脂肪酸组分检测三种技术手段，明确食味计在水稻育种早期食味筛选中的应用效果，剖析稻米脂肪酸组分对食味品质的调控规律。结果表明，稻米食味计测定评分与人工感官评分呈极显著正相关，食味计可有效替代传统人工感官评价开展大批量材料筛选；供试华南稻区水稻种质食味相关性状遗传变异丰富、性状表达稳定性佳；试验共筛选出6份食味品质、主要农艺性状协同优良的育种优异株系；脂肪酸对稻米食味品质的调控效应存在明显种质特异性，可作为水稻食味辅助筛选指标。食味计联合核磁共振检测的复合技术，可有效提升水稻食味筛选效率、压缩育种选育周期，可为华南稻区水稻食味精准鉴定、优质稻定向分子育种提供可靠技术方案与优质核心种质资源。

关键词: 水稻, 核心种质, 食味品质, 脂肪酸, 食味计, 快速鉴定, 华南稻区