China has a long history of rice cultivation, from the original slash and burn land to use tools in land reclamation, and then gradually realize plowing, planting and harvesting mechanization. People accumulated rich experiences in rice production, summarized and innovated rice cultivation techniques. The article outlines the technological advances, the formation and development of cropping system and theoretical system of rice cultivation from ancient to modern rice production. It can enrich people's understanding of rice farming and cultivation techniques civilization.