Over the last 70 years or so, great achievements have been made in rice production in China. According to the development course of rice production in China, it can be divided into four stages: fluctuation stage, rapid growth stage, adjustment and decline stage, and recovery and improvement stage. The article described the characteristics of rice production and cultivation techniques during the four stages, analyzed the characteristics and development status of single-cropping rice cultivation techniques and double-cropping rice cultivation techniques. Given the existing problems of rice production, the demand for cultivation technology was also analyzed.