In order to relieve the contradiction of “attaching importance to aquatic but neglecting rice”, we used two rice cultivars, Nangeng 9108 and Fengyouxiangzhan as test varieties, set up two rice farming patterns of rice-duck co-farming with milk vetch rotation （RD-Mv）, rice-crayfish rotation （R-C） , and rice-wheat rotation （R-W） as the control. The stable-yield rice population （yield > 7.5 t/hm²） was constructed by comprehensive cultivation measures to study the yield formation and annual economic benefits of rice under different rice cropping patterns. The results showed that, the rice yield of RD-Mv was significantly increased compared with R-W, with an average increase of 7.17%. The rice yield of R-C was equivalent to that of R-W. RD-Mv increased yield by raising panicle number and R-C stablized yield by increasing grain number. RD-Mv and R-C could increase the SPAD value of flag leaves, and increase leaf area index （LAI） by 9.97%~33.45% and 12.78%~39.78% respectively than R-W. The dry matter accumulation of RD-Mv and R-C were increased, mainly from sowing to tillering stages. In terms of annual benefits, R-C had a high profit, with the ratio of production to investment of 3.12, and RD-Mv increased profits, but the ratio of production to investment was only 2.29, which was lower than 2.51 of R-W. In conclusion, both RD-Mv and R-C could stabilize yield production and increase income, The reasons for increasing and stabling yield were high chlorophyll content, LAI, photosynthetic potential and dry matter accumulation at the early stage as well as good population growth.