High-efficiency utilization of nitrogen is the key to achieving high rice yield and establishing environmentally friendly agriculture. The rhizosphere environment is closely related to whether nitrogen can be efficiently used, and it is also a research hotspot in the fields of cultivation, soil and ecology in recent years. We summarize the definition and category of rice rhizosphere environment, analyze the relevant mechanisms of nitrogen absorption and utilization by rice, expound the relationship between rhizosphere soil, root system, and rhizosphere microorganisms and nitrogen utilization, and analyze current problems and prospects for future research.