Based on a long-term location experiment, Zhongjiazao 17（early rice type） and Taiyou 390（late rice type） were used as the experimental materials to study the performance of rice yield and quality under the conditions of coupling of different tillage methods and straw returning to the field. The results showed that, compared with the treatment of not returning the straw to the field, the treatment of returning the straw to the field could significantly increase the yield of rice by 9%, the treatment of “early rice rotary tillage + late rice tillage” had the most obvious effect on increasing rice yield. The annual yield is as high as 15.8 t/hm², which is 5% to 36% higher than other treatments. The interaction of straw returning to the field and tillage methods had extremely significant effects on the chalky grain rate of early rice and late rice, the RVA profile characteristics of early rice and eating quality, and the reduction value of late rice, but had no significant effect on other appearance and processing quality. There was no obvious difference in the appearance quality of rice under different tillage methods. The processing quality of “returning straw to the field + no-tillage for early and late rice” treatment was the best, while the treatment of “returning straw to the field + early rice rotary tillage + late rice plowing” had the best RVA profile characteristics. In conclusion, the treatment of “returning straw to the field + rotary tillage of early rice + tillage of late rice” had the best yield-increasing effect and the best cooking and eating quality.