Cold stress is an important factor to reducing rice yield. In order to explore the cold resistance of different rice varieties, 25 main varieties of Jilin Province were used as materials to determine and analyze the changes in the contents of proline, malondialdehyde, chlorophyll and soluble sugars under cold stress conditions. The results showed that the free amino acid content and malondialdehyde content of all tested rice varieties increased significantly under cold stress. Jigeng 515, Tonghe 66 and Akita Komachi accumulated more proline. The chlorophyll content of Jigeng 809, Jihong 9 and Tonghe 66 did not change significantly under cold stress compared with that under normal temperature conditions, and the growth was better, and the cold tolerance was more prominent. Jigeng 515, Jinongda 538 and Jinongda 853 accumulated more soluble sugar under cold stress, thus improving cold resistance. Jixiang 6, Hongke 88 was weak in cold resistance, so it was necessary to pay attention to the prevention of cold damage in the cultivation process.