98 japonica varieties bred in the past 10 years （2011—2020） in Yunnan Province, by regional test group and variety type, can be divided into four types: middle-altitude conventional japonica rice, high-altitude conventional japonica rice, three-line hybrid japonica rice, and two-line hybrid japonica rice. The yield, resistance and quality of these 4 types of plateau japonica rice varieties were compared and analyzed in this paper. The results showed that the bred varieties are mainly conventional japonica rice, accounting for 73.47%; the main breeding subjects are scientific research institutes, accounting for 90.82%; the yield of hybrid japonica rice is 6.16% higher than that of conventional japonica rice, and the yield of mid-elevation conventional japonica rice is 6.42% higher than that of high-altitude conventional japonica rice, the increase of the number of grains per panicle is the main factor for the yield increasement of plateau japonica rice in recent years; the bred varieties have insufficient resistance to rice blast, but have strong resistance to bacterial blight; the rice quality of the bred varieties is generally poor, the grain quality of mid-elevation conventional japonica rice is better than that of high-altitude conventional japonica rice and hybrid japonica rice, the key factors that limit the quality of japonica rice in Yunnan Plateau are the whole rice rate, chalky grain rate, polished rice rate and chalkiness. Properly increasing individuals and constructing a higher level of coordination and balance between individuals and groups is the key direction of plateau japonica rice breeding.