The heavy metal content in soil and rice of the paddy field in the Chengdu plain area were measured with the single pollution index method and the Nemerow comprehensive index method to analyze and evaluate the soil pollution degree of the paddy field, and use the health risk assessment model to evaluate the carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic health risks of adults and children in the study area. The results showed that the average contents of Cd, Pb, Cr and Hg in soil were greater than those in the soil background value in this area. Eighty-five percent of the sampling points of Cd single factor pollution index reached the warning limit, with the maximum value of 1.57. Nemero’s comprehensive pollution index （P_N） was 0.60, without pollution, and the pollution index size of the five heavy metal elements was in the order of Cd>Pb>Hg>Cr>As. Cd content in soil was significantly and positively correlated with total nitrogen, organic matter and available potassium contents; Pb content in soil was significantly and positively correlated with alkali hydrolyzable nitrogen content and significantly and negatively correlated with available phosphorus content and pH value; there was a significantly positive correlation between Hg, Pb and As in soil, with homologous relationship and compound pollution. The contents of heavy metals in rice were lower than the limit standard, and no samples exceeded the standard; Cd and Cr contents in rice were significantly and negatively correlated with Cr content in soil, but Cd content in rice was significantly and positively correlated with Hg and As contents in soil. The total non carcinogenic risk index of six heavy metals to adults and children were 8.36 and 19.63 respectively. The carcinogenic risk index of three carcinogenic heavy metals to adults and children was in the order of Cd > As > Cr, and the total carcinogenic health risk to adults and children were 0.0076 and 0.0178 respectively. The results showed that there was a certain correlation between heavy metals in paddy soil and rice in the experimental area, and the combined pollution of heavy metals has caused a certain degree of health risk to local residents, especially children, and the way of crop intake was the most significant. As, Cr and Hg were the main elements that constitute non-carcinogenic health risks in this region, while As, Cr and Cd were the main elements that constitute carcinogenic health risks in this region.