This paper reviewed the current situation of japonica rice breeding in Heilongjiang Province, especially the quality breeding of japonica rice, and analyzed the existing problems in breeding. In view of the problems that the shortage of high-quality japonica rice varieties of national standard 1, few varieties of high-quality long-grain fragrant rice, shortage of nutritional functional japonica rice varieties, and the resistance to high cold and lodging still need to be improved, we put forward relevant countermeasures, such as vigorously breeding high-quality long-grain fragrant rice varieties, and new varieties of japonica rice with high quality, nutrition and high yield, improving the eating quality, high-cold resistance and stress resistance of new varieties.