In order to study the community structure and function of rhizosphere soil bacteria in rice-crab co cropping paddy field at different growth stages, high-throughput sequencing and analysis of rhizosphere soil bacteria at tillering stage, jointing stage, heading stage and maturity stage were carried out by using Illumina platform miseq high-throughput sequencing technology. The results showed that a total of 6 637 OTUs could be divided into 54 pHyla, 171 classes, 381 orders, 600 families, 1 028 genera and 2 162 species. The number of bacteria OTUs shared by different growth stages was 3 122. Among the four growth stages, the Chao1 index at the heading stage was the highest, and there was no significant difference in Shannon index. PCA analysis showed that bacterial communities at the jointing stage and heading stage were similar, but different with those from tillering stage and maturity stage. There were 31 dominant bacterial genera （relative abundance>1%） in the rhizosphere soil of paddy field in the four growth stages, and the dominant bacterial phyla（relative abundance>10%） were Chloroflexi, Actinobacteriota, Proteobacteria and Acidobacteriota. PICRUSt analysis showed that the abundance of 269 metabolic pathways was the highest at the heading stage. The results showed that the bacterial community structure and function of rhizosphere soil would change with the growth period of rice, and the number of bacterial species at the heading stage was the largest and the metabolic function was the strongest.