Since the 12th Five-Year Plan, the number of certified rice varieties has increased rapidly and the structure types of rice have been gradually optimized. The production area of hybrid rice seed fluctuated greatly with continuous optimization for the structure. The prices of seeds were steadily rising, and the market scale expanded ceaselessly. Both the number and area of the main varieties in the production were declined, while the varieties quality improved significantly. The export of rice seeds fluctuated in a narrow range with a steady growth for the export value. At the same time, the seed industry in China are facing a series of prominent problems, such as low innovation ability of breeding, weak competitiveness of enterprises, low level in seed production, and increasing difficulty for the export of hybrid rice seeds, etc. From the perspective of future development, new technologies such as biological breeding will enter a phase of rapid development, and the application of breakthrough new varieties will be accelerated. The concentration of seed market will be further improved, and the international competitive strategy of hybrid rice will change from product output to technology output.