The growth process, yield and other ralated agronomic traits, rice quality traits and pest control performance of 5 rice varieties treated with traditional Chinese medicine fertilizer (TCM fertilizer, 20% less compared with conventional chemical pesticides) were studied in field experiments. The results showed that, compared with the control, TCM fertilizer could significantly shorten the growth process of rice, increase the total grain number per spike, number of spikelets and thousand-grain weight, and increase rice yield by 3.8%-6.7%. Under the treatment of TCM fertilizer, the whole refined rice rate increased by 1.4%~7.3%, and the chalk grain, chalk rate and amylose content decreased by 13.2%-62.2%, 11.6%-59.5% and 1.0%-6.5%, respectively. Under the treatment of TCM fertilizer, the incidence of rice blast decreased by 0.9%-17.7%, the control effect of rice thistle horse and rice leaf rolling borer increased by 2.2%-15.8% and 1.0%-8.2%.