Food security is not only a fundamental issue related to national economy and people’s livelihood and social stability, but also a primary issue related to national economic development and homeland security. This article starts with the study of overall grain development and security in the mountainous areas of Zhejiang, taking Lishui City as an example, under the background of rural revitalization, agricultural and rural modernization, and consolidation of the achievements of poverty alleviation, analyzes the conditions and status quo of food production in the mountainous areas of Zhejiang, and points out that the poor foundation in mountainous areas, including of poor mechanical equipment, small scale, low unit yield, high cost and low benefit. Through case analysis, we summarized the development practices and experience of the grain industry that can be demonstrated and promoted, explored the paths of agricultural modernization such as intelligence, branding, sharing, and long-term effect, put forward suggestions such as policy inclination, coordinated land use, guiding services, and optimizing industrial structure, to ensure the long-term stability of the mountain food security system in the new era and provide a reference for the path of agricultural and rural modernization.