Rice production and circulation play an extremely important role in building and improving the food security system. Taking Jiangsu Province, known as the “first granary” in the Yangtze River Delta region, as an example, this article focused on the factors influencing rice circulation, such as the basic circulation， distribution channels, and brand influence. It particularly analyzed the evolution of the rice production structure and the domestic and foreign circulation pattern in Jiangsu Province, as well as the existing problems and development directions. The article proposed policy suggestions for promoting the orderly development of rice production and the construction of an efficient circulation system in Jiangsu Province, including optimizing the planting structure, variety structure, and product structure; leveraging the role of enterprise associations to strengthen the supervision of the rice market; improving the standard system for high-quality rice products and promoting standardized production; strengthening intellectual property protection and creating a favorable market environment; establishing a “price subsidy separation” system based on market-based pricing.