The raw grain supply chain is an important part of the grain supply chain, and there are quality risks and wastage in various aspects of seed selection, planting, collection, drying, storage and sales (circulation). From the perspective of raw grain supply chain, this paper enumerated raw grain quality indicators and quality control links, analyzed the quality risks existing in different links and subjects, and put forward effective control of raw grain quality risks. Firstly, it was necessary to solve the raw grain quality risks from the breeding research and development side. Secondly, it was necessary to establish a quality risk prevention and control mechanism of raw grain supply chain led by the government and participated by the society. Thirdly, to speed up the development of relevant operating standards and technical specifications and deepen industrial applications.