Wild rice is a valuable gene pool for rice breeding, but its high genomic heterozygosity and significant differences from cultivated rice pose challenges for directly utilizing wild rice in breeding. Constructing chromosome segment introgression lines provides an effective technical approach to access and utilize wild rice genetic resources. We selected 100 introgression lines using Gaozhou wild rice as the donor and japonica rice variety Zhonghua 11 as the recipient, through multi-generational hybridization and self-crossing with breeding target traits as the screening criteria and examined the yield traits (number of effective panicles per plant, total filled grains per plant, thousand-grain weight, average filled grain number per panicle, and grain yield per plant) of these 100 lines, found that at least one trait was superior to the control variety Zhonghua 11, demonstrating the potential for yield improvement. The introgression lines had a whole-genome coverage of 46.9% and identified 20 yield-related QTLs. These segment introgression lines represent a new type of germplasm resource derived from Gaozhou wild rice and provide a reserve for promoting innovation in rice germplasm from wild rice.