At present, the development situation of Jiangxi’s grain industry is good, the planting area, total output and yield per unit area are basically stable, the innovation ability of rice seed industry is strong, the planting mode of “three cropping system” is gradually popularized and applied, the level of agricultural socialization service is improved, and the policy of stable yield and supply is good. However, at the same time, it must be seen that the development of Jiangxi’s grain industry is facing the problems of tight resource constraints, increasement of grain supply pressure, low grain production efficiency affecting the endogenous power of grain production, technological innovation lagging and restricting the improvement of grain production efficiency, weak grain industry chain leading to low comprehensive benefits, insufficient supporting support and slow expansion of industrial scale. Promoting the high-quality development of Jiangxi’s grain industry is an effective way to ensure national food security and realize the strategy of strengthening Jiangxi’s agriculture. In order to promote the high-quality development of Jiangxi’s grain industry, we proposed development paths such as consolidating agricultural infrastructure, stimulating market factor vitality, enhancing scientific and technological support capabilities, deepening supply-side structural reform, and continuously strengthening supporting facilities.