Selection and breeding of high-yielding and efficient nitrogen-fertilized rice varieties is an effective strategy to solve the problems of resource shortage and environmental pollution. Thirty-nine varieties/lines were studied and screened at three nitrogen levels (0, 180 and 240 kg N/hm²) by field trials combined with principal component analysis in the Yellow Rive irrigation area of Ningxia. The yield and nitrogen utilization efficiency of each variety (line) were measured at maturity. The composite value of nitrogen efficiency of each variety (line) was obtained by principal component analysis, and the yield-nitrogen efficiency composite index was used to classify the yield-nitrogen efficiency types of the varieties (lines) for testing. The results showed that, based on the relation of the rice nitrogen efficiency composite score and yield, and the test varieties (lines) can be classified into four types, namely double high-efficiency type, high-nitrogen low-efficiency type, double low-efficiency type, and low-nitrogen high-efficiency type. A total of 11 varieties (lines), including Ninggeng 41, Jigeng 105, Ninggeng 45, Ninggeng 47, Ninggeng 48, Ninggeng 52, Ninggeng 55, Ninggeng 56, Ninggeng 57, Zhongke 804, and Hua 147, were screened as nitrogen-efficient varieties (lines). Compared with the nitrogen inefficient types, the increase in yield of the nitrogen efficient varieties (lines) was mainly due to the increase in spike length, effective spike number and total grains per spike.