Currently, China is actively implementing a new round of actions to increase the grain production capacity by five billion kilogram. As an important grain-producing province in China, Jiangxi's enhancement of grain production capacity is of great significance for ensuring the food security of the region and even the whole country. Based on the historical data of grain production in Jiangxi Province and the current policy environment, this study systematically reviewed the necessity and feasibility of increasing grain production capacity in Jiangxi. Through comparative analysis, summarized the key problems in the process of improving grain production capacity in Jiangxi and put forward the solutions based on the actual situation. The research suggests that enhancing grain production capacity in Jiangxi Province is of significant importance for ensuring regional food security, promoting high-quality agricultural development, maintaining the national food security, and contributing to global food security. However, in the process of enhancement， Jiangxi Province also faced a series of challenges, including the reduction of cultivated land, the decrease of sown area, the reduction of multiple cropping, the reduction of production efficiency, the frequent occurrence of natural disasters, the fragile agricultural infrastructure, the shortage of labor force, the shrinkage of winter food crops, the weakness of dryland crops and the decline of land fertility. To effectively address these challenges, proposed a series of strategic countermeasures and specific measures， including protecting cultivated land resources, expanding sowing area, increasing yield per unit area, optimizing grain quality, adjusting the structure of crop planting, strengthening dryland crop production, improving farmland infrastructure, reducing grain loss in production and circulation, promoting the application of advanced science and technology, and cultivating grain production talents, so as to provide reference for food security and sustainable development of agriculture in Jiangxi Province and even China.