The application of exogenous amino acids has a significant impact on the growth and development of rice. To further explore the effects of spraying glutamate during the rupturing stage on yield and physiological characteristics of rice, this study selected the aromatic rice varieties Meixiangzhan 2 and Qingxiangyou 19 xiang as research subjects, and designed five different concentrations of glutamate spraying: CK, 0 g/L; T1, 0.7 g/L; T2, 1.4 g/L; T3, 2.1 g/L; T4, 2.8 g/L. The results showed that compared with CK, the yields of Meixiangzhan 2 and Qingxiangyou 19 xiang under the T2 treatment significantly increased by 7.27% and 22.01%, respectively, and the seed setting rates significantly increased by 9.32% and 7.94%, respectively. Meanwhile, the T2 treatment significantly enhanced the photosynthetic rate, dry matter accumulation, and nitrogen metabolism enzyme activity of Meixiangzhan 2 and Qingxiangyou 19 xiang. In conclusion, spraying glutamate at a concentration of 1.4 g/L during the rupturing stage of rice can not only effectively increase the yield but also significantly improve the physiological characteristics of rice.