Due to unique geographical, climatic and other factors, Wuchang rice has a rich aroma and excellent taste, which is deeply loved by consumers. This article summarized the data of 960 rice regional and production trial varieties (lines) yield and agronomic traits from 2008 to 2022 at the Wuchang Experimental Base of the Institute of Biotechnology, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences and systematically studied the evolution rule of yield and agronomic traits of five groups (early maturing group, late maturing group, early maturing fragrant rice group, late maturing fragrant rice group, and late glutinous rice group in the first accumulated temperature zone). The results showed that the yield of early maturing and late maturing lines has shown an overall upward trend in recent years, and the main reason for the increase in yield was the increase in thousand grain weight and grain number per ear. However, the effective number of panicles, cold tolerance, and plant height all shown a downward trend. The evolutionary rule of yield and agronomic traits of early maturing fragrant rice lines are similar to those of early maturing lines, but the yield is slightly lower. The evolutionary rule of yield and agronomic traits of late maturing fragrant rice lines are basically the same as those of late maturing lines. Compared with late maturing rice lines, the glutinous rice lines showed a downward trend in thousand-grain weight and plant height, while the trends of the other yield and agronomic traits are basically the same. The research results can provide scientific guidance and technical support for rice breeding in the Wuchang region.