There are significant differences in rice production levels across different years, varieties, and regions in China, indicating considerable room for improvement in rice yield per unit area. Currently, enhancing rice yield per unit area in China faces growing challenges, including a shortage of breakthrough varieties, insufficient reserves of simplified high-yield technologies, difficulties in implementing standardized techniques, and inadequate innovation in disaster prevention and control technologies. Concerted efforts are needed in variety breeding, technology integration, technology promotion, and disaster prevention. It is essential to translate the potential of science and technology into actual rice production, convert the results of regional trials into farmers’ yields, and drive the continuous enhancement of rice production capacity.