China is actively promoting the development and utilization of coastal saline-alkali land to vigorously expand rice production. In view of the practical issues in rice production on coastal saline-alkali land, such as low and unstable yields and unclear high-yield cultivation techniques, we have systematically summarized our team’s research and practical work on the formation of high-yield rice and corresponding cultivation techniques in coastal saline-alkali land. The laws governing the formation of high-yield rice in coastal saline-alkali land are mainly manifested in the following three aspects: (1) Ensuring an adequate number of panicles per unit area with relatively large panicle size to collaboratively achieve a sufficient sink capacity of the population and maintain a high degree of sink filling; (2) Stabilizing the early-stage growth of rice, reasonably increasing the mid-stage photosynthetic growth, and significantly enhancing the dry matter accumulation capacity in the late stage; (3) Relying on good plant architecture and population support to ensure that the sink capacity of the population can be fully filled with grains. Based on these laws, we have conducted a series of targeted studies on high-yield cultivation techniques for rice in coastal saline-alkali land, covering such key technologies for soil desalination, key technologies for soil fertilization improvement, screening and identification of salt-tolerant rice varieties, appropriate density-fertilizer combinations and brackish water irrigation techniques, as well as the application of exogenous growth regulators. On this basis, we have integrated and developed a rapid and efficient desalination and fertilization improvement technique that combines multiple cycles of “plowing, sunning, soaking, rotary tilling, and draining” with the application of organic fertilizers, as well as a comprehensive mechanical transplantation cultivation technique characterized by the use of salt-tolerant and high-quality varieties and the practices of “early sowing, frequent irrigation, strong seedlings, dense planting, and sufficient fertilization.” Through the integrated application of these techniques, a complete set of high-quality, high-yield, and efficient mechanical transplantation cultivation techniques for rice in coastal saline-alkali land has been established, achieving remarkable effects in soil improvement and yield increase on coastal saline-alkali land.