Rice, as a major staple food crop in China, has its pest and disease control work directly related to national food security. This paper conducts an in-depth analysis based on the statistical data of the national plant protection discipline from 2016 to 2024. It comprehensively summarizes and reviews the occurrence characteristics, damage and losses caused by rice pests and diseases, as well as the achievements in prevention and control efforts during the 14th Five-Year Plan period. Meanwhile, it systematically reviews the latest advancements and innovative achievements in green prevention and control technologies and models, encompassing agricultural, biological, and chemical control methods. On this basis, targeted suggestions are proposed for the future green production of rice, aiming to provide practical references for increasing the per-unit yield of rice and other grain and oil crops over large areas.