The yield and quality of double-cropping late rice are comprehensively influenced by numerous factors, including the status of stubble connection, conditions of temperature and light resources, inherent characteristics of rice varieties, as well as cultivation techniques and measures. This paper systematically analyzed the key elements affecting the production of double-cropping late rice and focused on elucidating the research progress in key technologies such as rationally selecting rice varieties, determining suitable sowing dates, optimizing transplanting methods, scientifically managing nitrogen fertilizer application, and precisely controlling water management. Research indicated that by meticulously optimizing cultivation measures, the yield of double-cropping late rice can be significantly increased, and the quality of rice grains can be effectively improved. In the future, research should place emphasis on strengthening the selection and promotion of early-maturing and high-quality rice varieties, as well as the innovation and application of cultivation techniques for high yield, superior quality, and stress resistance. This will facilitate the coordinated advancement of high yield and high quality in double-cropping late rice, providing advanced and applicable technological support for increasing yield per unit area and enhancing quality on a large scale.