Zhongzu 237 is a new conventional early indica rice variety bred by the China National Rice Research Institute. It features a length-to-width ratio of 2.0, an amylose content of 27.4%, a gel consistency of 55.5 mm, and an alkali elimination value of 5.1. With a high flour yield and moderate gel consistency, its main rice quality indicators meet the third-level standard for rice varieties for specialized for rice noodle production. It is very suitable for rice noodles processing and reserve grain storage, enjoying high market acceptance. Improving the yield level of this variety will significantly boost the financial efficiency of grain enterprises and farmers. In order to maximize the high-yield potential of Zhongzu 237 and improve its nitrogen use efficiency, a comparative experiment was conducted with different planting densities and nitrogen application rates. 3 planting density treatments (22.2, 28.6, and 36.4 ×10⁴ hills/hm²) and four nitrogen application rate treatments (0, 150, 195, and 240 kg/hm²) were established. The results showed that both nitrogen application rate and planting density significantly affected the yield, yield components, and nitrogen use efficiency of Zhongzu 237. With the increase of nitrogen application rate and planting density, the yield of Zhongzu 237 initially increased and then decreased. As nitrogen application rate increased, the agronomic efficiency, physiological efficiency and absorption efficiency of nitrogen fertilizer of Zhongzu 237 first increased and then declined, while the partial factor productivity of nitrogen (PFPN) significantly decreased. As planting density increased, the agronomic efficiency, physiological efficiency, and absorption efficiency of nitrogen of Zhongzu 237 gradualy increased, while PFPN first increased and then decreased. Considering both grain yield and nitrogen use efficiency, the most balanced yield components were achieved in this study with a nitrogen application rate of 195.0 kg/hm² and a planting density of 286 000 hills/hm² with the higest yield of 9 226.6 kg/hm².