Climate change has emerged as one of the major global challenges, exerting profound impacts on the rice industry. This paper systematically compiled meteorological data from high-latitude and high-altitude regions in Heilongjiang spanning the years 1965 to 2024, including annual active accumulated temperature, annual average temperature, and annual average precipitation. Through in-depth analysis, it explored the effects of climate change on rice cultivation area, yield, and quality in these regions, and further investigated the opportunities and challenges faced by the rice industry in high-latitude and high-altitude regions in the process of responding to climate change. On this basis, this paper proposed strategies to promote the development of the rice industry across multiple dimensions, such as variety breeding, pest and disease control and weed management, irrigation method optimization, and field facility maintenance, aiming to provide scientific references for ensuring the sustainable development of the rice industry in high-latitude and high-altitude regions under the background of climate change.