In recent years, the damage caused by weeds in paddy fields in Zhejiang Province has continued to intensify, becoming a key limiting factor affecting stable and high-yield rice production. To clarify the current characteristics of weed infestations and develop effective management strategies, this study conducted a systematic survey of 2,883 paddy fields across 11 prefecture-level cities in Zhejiang Province from 2020 to 2024. The research focused on analyzing weed community composition, the severity of damage, and its underlying causes. By integrating these findings with the practical realities of rice production in Zhejiang, we propose region-specific comprehensive management recommendations, aiming to provide a scientific basis for advancing sustainable weed control in paddy fields.